同义替换是雅思考试的核心技能，能够熟练运用同义替换的同学往往能拿到高分。在听力和阅读中，我们通过同义替换来提高解题效率，在口语和写作中，我们通过同义替换展示表达的多样化和词汇的丰富度。为帮助大家培养这项技能，“雷哥考雅与留学”的Tracy老师将长期为大家解读如何运用同义替换去解雅思听力和阅读题。

由于讲解主要是通过解剑桥雅思真题进行的，所以建议同学们可以先做一下每次会讲解到的文章，再来看本文的解析。

牢记：三种主要的同义替换形式：同义词替换、概括型替换（题干为细节，原文为概括总结）和解释型替换（题干为概括总结，原文为细节）。

IELTS 11 Test 1 Reading Paragraph 2

Label the diagram blow.

Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 20-26 on your answer sheet.

20. A pair of are lifted in order to shut out water from canal basin.

定位：water，canal basin

分析：空格前面的修饰为“一双”，则空格处填写可数名词的复数形式，所填内容为一双被抬起来的东西，这个东西被抬起来是为了排出运河的水

原文：Two hydraulic steel gates are raised, so as to seal the gondola off from the water in the canal basin.

答案：gates（词性符合，内容符合）

要点：同义词替换a pair of→two；lift→raise

21. A is taken out, enabling Wheel to rotate

定位：Wheel，rotate

分析：空格前面修饰词为A，空格处应填写可数名词的单数形式，所填内容为一个被带出来的东西，这个东西被带出来之后轮子才能转动

原文：A hydraulic clamp, which prevents the arms of the Wheel moving while the gondola is docked, is removed, allowing the Wheel to turn.

答案：clamp（词性符合，内容符合）

要点：同义词替换take out→remove；enable→allow；rotate→turn

22. Hydraulic motors drive .

定位：Hydraulic motors

分析：空格处填名词，内容为被液压马达驱动的东西

原文：In the central machine room an array of ten hydraulic motors then begins to rotate the central axle.

答案：axle（词性符合，内容符合）

要点：解释型替换drive→rotate

23. A range of different-sized ensures boat keeps upright

定位：different-sized ，boat，upright

分析：空格前面以A range of different-sized修饰，可知空格处为可数名词的复数形式，所填内容为一系列不同大小的东西，这些东西确保船保持直立

原文：Boats needing to be lifted up enter the canal basin at the level of the Forth & Clyde Canal and then enter the lower gondola of the Wheel… As the wheel rotates, the gondolas are kept in the upright position by a simple gearing system. Two eight-metre-wide cogs orbit a fixed inner cog of the same width, connected by two smaller cogs travelling in the opposite direction to the outer cogs - so ensuring that the gondolas always remain level.

答案：cogs（词性符合，内容符合）

要点：（1）此题难度较大，联系上下文和图片可知，船在gondola里面，因此后面提到gondola保持直立，实为船只保持直立

（2）解释型替换：different-sized→eight-metre-wide，smaller

24. Boat reaches top Wheel, then moves directly onto .

定位：Boat，top Wheel

分析：空格处为名词，所填内容为船只到达轮子顶层后直接进入的地方

原文：When the gondola reaches the top, the boat passes straight onto the aqueduct situated 24 metres above the canal basin.

答案：aqueduct（词性符合，内容符合）

要点：同义词替换move→pass；directly→straight

25. Boat travels through tunnel beneath Roman .

定位：Boat，tunnel，Roman

分析：空格处为名词“罗马的什么”，这个东西下面有条隧道，船只会从隧道通过

原文：The Wheel could not be constructed to elevate boats over the full 35-metre difference between the two canals, owing to the presence of the historically important Antonine Wall, which was built by the Romans in the second century AD. Boats travel under this wall via a tunnel, then through the locks, and finally on to the Union Canal.

答案：Wall

要点：同义词替换beneath→under

26. raise boat 11 m to level of Union Canal.

定位：boat，11 m，Union Canal

分析：空格处为名词，从raise的形式可知，空格处为可数名词的复数形式，所填内容为某个将船只举高11米到达Union Canal高度的东西

原文：The remaining 11 metres of lift needed to reach the Union Canal is achieved by means of a pair of locks.

答案：locks（词性符合，内容符合）

要点：同义词替换raise→lift（注意，此处词性不同，raise为动词，lift为名词）