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雅思阅读:理顺逻辑,摘要题手到擒来

之前跟同学们展示过,雅思阅读的摘要题主要考察的是对文章内容的理解,跟被拆得七零八落的完形填空只是形似而神不同。

 

摘要题可以说是阅读题型里的一道快手题,往往解开1-2个空,其他的空也就迎刃而解。为什么这么说呢?因为只要理顺了题干里空格与空格之间的逻辑关系,

就好像抓住了一根藤蔓,顺藤摸瓜同学们很熟悉吧,咱们来看一个栗子:

 

According to 9 名词 , there is only one correct form of language. Linguists who take

this approach to language place great importance on grammatical 10 单个名词  .

Conversely, the view of 11 人物名词 , such as Joseph Priestley, is that grammar should be based on 12 名词.


A    descriptivists           B   language experts           C   popular speech

D    formal language        E    evaluation                       F           rules              

G    modern linguists           H   prescriptivists                          I              change

首先,我们可以很容易地判断出每个空格的词性,其中第10题空格前面是形容词,所以空格处不会再出现形容词+名词的形式,因此预判为单个名词。

 

第二步,观察空格与空格之间的逻辑关系。第10题所在句子的this approach指的是第9题所说的唯一正确的语言形式,因此,答对第9题,第10题也能完美解决。

11题,根据后面的人名可以判断出,需要填写的是某一类人的集合名称,并且根据conversely这个词可以得知,这一类人所持的观点与第910题的观点相悖。

同样地,只要解开了第11题,那么第12题就被牵出来了。

 

原文:In its most general sense, prescriptivism is the view that one variety of language has - an inherently higher value than others, and that this 

ought to be imposed on the whole of the speech community......Adherents to this variety are said to speak or write correctly'; deviations from it are said to be "incorrect”.

 

All the main languages have been studied prescriptively, especially in the 18th century approach to the writing of grammars and dictionaries...... 

The authoritarian nature of the approach is best characterised by its reliance on 'rules' of grammar.

 

从第一段最后一句可以看出,该句中的this variety是唯一正确的,因此向前倒推去寻找this variety具体的指代对象,从第一句的an inherently higher

 value than others可以发现 prescriptivism正是那根连着西瓜的藤,再对照选项,可以选出H prescriptivists

 

后面接着讲述prescriptivism的观点,通过is best characterised by(同义替换place great importance on)强调这种方法的重点在于grammar,第10题随即解出。

 

原文:This approach is summarised in the statement that it is the task of the grammarian to describe, not prescribe to record the facts of linguistic 

diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of evaluating language variation or halting language change. In the second half of the 18th century, 

we already find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that 'the custom of speaking is

 the original and only just standard of any language...

 

定位词Joseph Priestley所在句子提到了this view,正是我们想要找的内容,于是向前倒推去寻找观点的具体内容,第一句提到一种观点,否定了prescribe(规定)

的方式,正好符合conversely所描述的关系,因而找到该句肯定的describe(描述)的方式,再对照选项,得出答案A descriptivists。紧着找寻找他们关于grammar的看法,

最后一句指出语言的唯一标准是the custom of speaking(说话的习惯),对照选项找到C popular speech。

同学们有没有觉得,摘要题的空好比一根绳子上拴着的小蚂蚱,只要抓住了那根绳子,这些小蚂蚱一个都跑不掉。

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